Psoriasis is a common, chronic skin condition. The immune system generates inflammation in the skin, as well as other bodily tissues. Inflammatory chemicals spur excessive multiplication of cells in the epidermis, or outer layer of skin. Normally, new cells continually form at the base of the epidermis and move to the top, where they slough off. In psoriasis, new cell production outpaces the shedding of old cells, leading to a pileup at the surface, like an unraked lawn in autumn.
These raised patches on the skin are called plaques. The pink or red patches are sometimes itchy and topped by silvery scales. There may be one patch or many. The scalp, elbows, buttocks, and knees are most commonly affected.
Although scientists have yet to pinpoint the exact cause, both genetic and environmental factors contribute to psoriasis. Although often chronic, psoriasis waxes and wanes. Triggers include stress, physical trauma (a cut, scratch, or scrape), sunburn, tobacco smoke, infections, low blood calcium levels, some medications, and perhaps diet. Some people with psoriasis are sensitive to gluten, a protein found in wheat and other grains, and a gluten-free diet seems to help them. Consult your doctor about the role diet may play in treating psoriasis.
Inflammation can affect other parts of the body. Fingernails and toenails may become pitted and discolored. Up to 10 percent of people with skin plaques develop psoriatic arthritis, a potentially debilitating condition requiring strong medications.
Recipes to prevent and treat psoriasis
Mega Omega Salmon Salad
1 pound (455 g) salmon fillet or 4 salmon steaks, preferably wild ¼ cup (60 ml) fresh lemon juice Salt and freshly ground black pepper 2 onions, diced 1 tablespoon (15 ml) olive oil 1 tablespoon (15 ml) balsamic vinegar 1 tablespoon (4 g) minced fresh dill Sliced cucumber, capers, and fresh parsley, for garnish
Preparation and Use:
Preheat the oven to 375°F (190°C, or gas mark 5). Place the salmon in a baking dish and brush the fish with the lemon juice. Sprinkle with salt and pepper. Bake for 20 minutes. Remove from the oven and let cool. Skin and debone the fish, and then slice the salmon into chunks and toss into a large bowl along with the onion. In a separate bowl, combine the oil, vinegar, and dill. Pour over the salmon chunks and toss. Add salt and pepper to taste. Refrigerate for 20 minutes. Garnish the final dish with cucumbers, capers, and parsley. Serve chilled.
Yield: 4 Servings
How it works:
Salmon is high in omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory effects. The eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in fish oil may be particularly valuable. A few studies have shown benefits from oral and topical preparations of EPA.
Fish Oil Skin Soother
Fish oil capsule
Preparation and Use:
Puncture a capsule. Smooth inside liquid over affected skin.
Yield: 1 capsule per application
How it works:
As noted previously, preliminary research indicates that topical applications of the EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) in fish oil may improve psoriasis symptoms.
Aloe Skin Soother
1 Aloe vera plant
Preparation and Use:
Select an aloe leaf and split it open lengthwise with a clean knife. Scoop out the gel. With clean fingers, smooth the gel over the affected area.
Yield: 1 application
How it works:
Topical aloe gel reduces the redness, inflammation, and flakiness of psoriasis. One study found an aloe cream slightly more effective than a topical steroid. Note: Alternatively, buy commercially packaged aloe that’s 99 to 100 percent aloe gel.
Vitamin D Treatment
Oil-based vitamin D3 supplement
Preparation and Use:
Take your dosage by mouth. The Institute of Medicine recommends 600 IU a day for people from age one to seventy. Consult with your doctor about proper dosing.
Yield: 1 application
How it works:
Studies show people with psoriasis often have low levels of vitamin D, which favorably alters the immune system. Oral and topical derivatives of vitamin D3 can improve symptoms. In fact, the prescription ointment calcipotril is a synthetic derivative of vitamin D. Note: Alternatively, you can puncture the oilbased capsule (more than one, as needed) and apply to your skin.
When Simple Doesn’t work
Research studies suggest that topical applications of a 10 percent extract of Oregon grape root (Mahonia aquifolium) can decrease psoriasis symptoms and may even be as effective as a conventional cream called calcipotriene (a synthetic derivative of vitamin D). The product used in these studies is called Relieva. One study showed benefits of a cream containing vitamin B12 and avocado oil (Regividerm) as comparable to those of the prescription ointment calcipotril.
When to call the doctor
• You have symptoms and signs of psoria - sis but have yet to receive a diagnosis.
• Treatment has failed to control the condition.
• Prescribed medications have caused undesirable side effects.
• You develop signs of a skin bacterial infection: localized redness, swelling, increased warmth, tenderness, and yellowish discharge.
• You develop signs of psoriatic ar thritis: pain, swelling, and decreased mobility at the joints.
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